Kagame pris la main dans le sac au Congo

08/12/2022

« Suama ku suama nkewa ». Cet adage en kikongo, langue parlée par les populations bantouphones d’Afrique centrale, se rapporte au singe qui se cache dans un trou en ignorant que sa queue est visible de tous les passants. La déstabilisation du Congo-Kinshasa par l’armée rwandaise déguisée en M23 s’est en fin de compte avérée comme un secret de polichinelle. D’aucuns ignorent désormais que le président Paul Kagame est le pilleur des ressources minières de son grand voisin et l’initiateur, par moult procédés, des tentatives d’autodétermination de la région du Kivu au profit de Kigali.
 
Le prétexte des FDLR
 
Les Forces démocratiques de libération du Rwanda (FDLR) défendent les intérêts des Hutus rwandais qui se sont réfugiés en toute illégalité au Congo-Kinshasa. Ainsi ce groupe armé clandestinement formé en 2000 et opposé au régime du président Paul Kagame, ayant toujours nié l’existence dans ses rangs des responsables du génocide des Tutsis de 1994, aurait-il pris la suite de l’Armée de libération du Rwanda. Après avoir été pourchassés à la fois par les armées rwandaise et congolaise à cause de leur responsabilité dans « l’insécurité et l’instabilité » dans la région du Kivu selon les Nations Unies, les FDLR ont condamné le 31 mars 2005 le génocide des Tutsis et déclaré être prêts à se démobiliser pour rentrer pacifiquement au Rwanda. Même si Amnesty International a considéré comme étant fausse leur déclaration d’intention, environ 1 500 combattants ont rendu leurs armes en 2006 conformément à l’injonction du Conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies. Le 5 décembre 2008, un accord, conclu entre les gouvernements rwandais et congolais, a prévu des opérations coordonnées de la force onusienne (MONUC) et des FARDC, logistiquement assistées par le Rwanda.
Alors que la capacité de nuisance des FDLR était militairement insignifiante, Paul Kagame n’a cessé d’évoquer le « danger » qu’ils constituaient pour son régime. Par conséquent, il a d’abord officiellement déployé ses troupes en territoire congolais pour les traquer. L’obsolescence de ce prétexte étant devenue flagrante, le président rwandais a été contraint de trouver un autre argument pour justifier la présence de son armée au Congo-Kinshasa et de continuer à assurer son leadership dans la région du Kivu qu’il n’a eu de cesse de considérer comme son pré carré.
 
La problématique rwandophone
 
Composées de Tutsis, les populations nilotiques appelées Banyamulenge vivent dans la province du Sud-Kivu dans la zone proche de la frontière avec le Tanzanie et le Burundi. Ce groupe de rwandophones immigrés au Congo a servi de nouveau prétexte à Paul Kagame afin d’imposer à son avantage, comme il l’a fait dans son pays pour accéder au pouvoir, un nouveau contexte géopolitique et social à exploiter. L’entretien des conflits, des groupes rebelles et la manipulation des réfugiés ont permis l’affirmation de l’identité congolaise par ces originaires du Rwanda dans l’optique d’une tentative d’usurpation de territoire. À cet effet, tel le Cheval de Troie, l’armée rwandaise s’est déguisée en M23. Faudrait-il désormais se méfier des rwandophones qui se déclarent citoyens congolais ?
 
Le pot aux roses
 
Après avoir nié à maintes reprises son soutien aux éléments du M23, pris la main dans le sac, Paul Kagame a accepté dans un communiqué de retirer, à la suite de la rencontre avec le facilitateur de l’East african community (EAC), l’ancien président kenyan Uhuru Kenyatta, ses troupes du territoire congolais. Il a enfin reconnu l’agression du Congo-Kinshasa par le Rwanda. Respectera-t-il ses intentions d’aider le facilitateur kenyan à obtenir un cessez-le-feu et le retrait du M23 des positions occupées ? Il ne faudrait surtout pas que l’on déshabille Paul Kagame au profit William Ruto. Félix Tshisekedi ne doit pas accepter d’être mis devant le fait accompli à travers une nouvelle force d’interposition, c’est-à-dire une sorte de Monusco régionale en miniature. En effet, en aucun cas la région du Kivu ne doit servir de no man’s land profitable à un nouveau forban en col blanc à travers une sorte de zone tampon sous la supervision des éléments armés de l’EAC. Par ailleurs, le territoire congolais ne devant plus jamais servir de champ de bataille quant à leurs règlements de compte, la pacification de la région des Grands Lacs africains ne sera garantie qu’à l’issue du dialogue inter-rwandais.
Le Congo-Kinshasa étant un État souverain, la présence de l’administration congolaise à travers le territoire national est la condition sine qua non en vue de la stabilité de la région du Kivu et de l’Ituri. Il revient de facto au Parlement congolais de veiller aux grains, et, en tout patriotisme, aux populations autochtones d’assister avec force et vigueur les FARDC. La grandeur du Congo-Kinshasa et sa dignité dépendent, entre autres facteurs, de la victoire militaire sur les agresseurs rwandais et ougandais. Les Congolais qui ont pris les armes contre leur pays et versé le sang de leurs compatriotes doivent être poursuivis conformément aux lois en vigueur. Quant aux agresseurs étrangers, leur sort relève de la Cour pénale internationale pour bantoucide, à savoir pour crimes contre l’Humanité.
 
(*) Auteur de nombreux ouvrages, dont Mais quelle crédibilité pour les Nations Unies au Kivu ?

© Œil d'Afrique


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